2015年武汉大学考博英语真题
一、阅读理解
Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form. of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. To make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own will pay his debt. The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due.
Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior. must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated front the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishments is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.
1. The best title for this selection is ( )
A. Fitting Punishment to the Crime
B. Approaches to Just Punishment
C. Improvement in Legal Justice
D. Attaining Justice in the Courts
2.passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective justice is the ( ) .
A. type of crime that was proven
B. severity for the punishment
C. reason for the sentence
D. outcome of the trial
3. The punishment that would be most inconsistent with the views of corrective justice would be( ).
A. forced brain surgery
B. whipping
C. solitary confinement
D. the electric chair
4. The Biblical expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” was presented in order to ( ).
A. prove,that equality demands just punishment
B. justify the need for punishment as a part of law
C. give moral backing to retributive justice
D. prove that man has long been interested in justice
5. The phrase "men's sureness of their sex role" in the first paragraph suggests that they ( )
A. are confident in their ability to charm women.
B. take the initiative in courtship.
C. have a clear idea of what is considered "manly".
D. tend to be more immoral than women are.
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从2010年开始,全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语(一)和英语(二)。英语(一)即原研究生入学统考“英语”,所有学术型硕士研究生(英语专业选考其他语种)(十三大门类,110个一级学科)和部分专业型硕士(法律硕士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、建筑学硕士、护理硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、公共卫生硕士等)考英语(一),英语(二)主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语(一)的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
A.公认最难过线科目,每年有很多考生因为英语没过线被刷。B.全国平均40多分,英语二略高,但两者均复习难度较大。C.阅读占分值大,知识面涉猎很广泛。
英语(一)试题分三部分,共52题,包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。英语(二)试题分四部分,共48题,包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。
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