LWS美高防控提示 | 诺如高发，需警惕！

高发病毒肆虐科学防控本周，上海的天气也回暖了！ 目前，正值春季，是诺如病毒的高发季节，传染病防控形势严峻。

由于天气多变，很多家长没有注意到季节的转化，没及时添衣保暖而受凉等，再加上孩子免疫力比较差，交叉感染在幼托及学校难以完全避免，就更容易引发一系列疾病，包括感冒、咳嗽、肺炎、手足口病等。这些病毒都是每年冬季导致各地中小学被隔离的罪魁祸首，尤其类似手足口和诺如之类高传染性高致病率的病毒，发现一例则可能导致全班隔离，影响正常教学。

目前上海美高学校定期对教室进行防疫防控保洁消毒。学校保洁人员严格按照防疫要求，对教室、楼道等公共部位进行消毒、打扫卫生，保障校园环境卫生整洁。但孩子放学后回到家里或在外面，各类防护还是需要家长注意！

小编给大家整理了这份春季高发病毒科普和防护知识，家长们记得收藏哦！Swipe Left to English VersionWinter officially begun this week and the weather in Shanghai have turned cold!At present, the Covid-19, influenza, and other respiratory infectious diseases are in a critical situation in the autumn and winter.

This season, children are easily infected with a series of viruses, including colds, coughs, pneumonia, allergic rhinitis, etc. these viruses are the culprits that lead to the isolation of primary and secondary schools everywhere every winter, especially the highly infectious and highly pathogenic viruses such as hand, foot, mouth and nose. The appearance of one case may lead to the isolation of the whole class and affect normal teaching.

At present, LWS regularly carries out epidemic prevention, control, cleaning and disinfection in the classroom to ensure the sanitation and tidiness of the campus environment. However, when children return home or outside after school, all kinds of protection still need parents" attention!

We sorted out this popular science and protection knowledge of high-risk viruses in autumn and winter. Parents remember to collect it!Swipe Right to Chinese Version01呼吸道感染疾病Respiratory tract infections in autumn and winter

01手足口病有很多家长有这样的疑问：“为什么我们家孩子，打了手足口疫苗，怎么还得手足口病？疫苗是有用的吗？”手足口病可以由很多种病毒引起的，打了疫苗稚只能预防一种病毒引起的手足口病，但恰恰就是这种病毒引起的病症*为严重， 重症病例和死亡病例中的优势病原体始终以EV71为主，其中74%的重症和93%的死亡都和EV71有关。所以说接种EV71疫苗是为了防止*坏的情况出现，接种EV71疫苗后还是有可能得手足口病，但是相对来说症状会轻很多。家长们*好还是要引起重视，尽早给孩子接种！02诺如病毒诺如病毒是引起急性胃肠炎的主要致病原，感染发病后主要造成腹泻或呕吐，以及发热、恶心、腹痛等症状。诺如病毒变异快、免疫保护时间短。同一个人可重复感染同一毒株或不同型别的诺如病毒，不同基因型之间无交叉免疫。诺如病毒传播力强，感染后一般病程为2-3天，多数人两三天可自愈，属自限性疾病，但儿童、老年人及患有基础性疾病的群体临床症状可能较为严重，容易引起并发症。诺如病毒传染性较强，环境抵抗力强，传播途径多样，全人群普遍易感。诺如病毒主要通过污染的食物、水传播，也可经由接触病人排泄物和呕吐物，经污染的手、物体和用具传播，以及经呕吐产生的气溶胶等方式传播，流行季常常存在很多隐性感染者作为传播源传播。03流感流行性感冒简称流感， 是由流感病毒感染引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病。流感通常由甲型或乙型流感病毒引起，症状包括突然发烧、咳嗽（通常是干咳）、头痛、肌肉和关节疼痛、喉咙痛和流鼻涕等。老年人和学龄儿童是流感高发人群，并且是造成流感传播的关键人群。流感病毒主要通过飞沫和间接接触传播，这两种传播途径*主要的侵入点都在鼻腔，流感病毒随空气或污染的物品和手在接触到鼻子时进入鼻腔。如果身体抵抗力较差，鼻腔排毒能力会相应减弱，就可能感染上流感。因此，预防流感要从提高身体免疫力、保持良好的卫生习惯和隔离传染源入手，谨记“三部曲”，即打疫苗、勤洗手、戴口罩。04肺炎肺炎通常先有上呼吸道感染，继而出现发热、咳嗽、气促和呼吸困难等症状。如果孩子在发热、咳嗽、喘的同时精神很好、能玩、爱笑，则提示患肺炎的可能性很小。相反，孩子精神状态不佳、口唇青紫、烦躁、哭闹或昏睡、抽风，少数患儿可出现谵语则说明孩子病得较严重，得肺炎的可能性较大。家长若发现孩子呼吸急促，应立即带孩子到医院就诊，由医生诊断。此外，不可忽视血常规的检查，小儿肺炎的病原学分类分为细菌性肺炎、病毒性肺炎和支原体肺炎等。验血的目的是判断孩子是患了细菌感染还是病毒感染。若白细胞明显升高，则需要使用抗生素，若病毒性感染一般不需要常规使用抗生素，若支原体感染则需要使用大环内酯类抗生素。Swipe Left to English Version01Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD)Hand, foot and mouth disease can be caused by many viruses. Vaccination can only prevent hand, foot and mouth disease caused by one virus, but it is precisely this virus that causes the most serious disease. EV71 is always the dominant pathogen in severe cases and death cases, of which 74% of serious diseases and 93% of deaths are related to EV71. Parents had better pay attention and vaccinate their children as soon as possible!02NorovirusNorovirus is the main pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis. After infection, it mainly causes diarrhea or vomiting, fever, nausea, abdominal pain and so on. Norovirus has strong transmission power. The general course of disease after infection is 2-3 days. Most people can heal themselves in two or three days. It is a self-limiting disease. However, the clinical symptoms of children, the elderly and people with basic diseases may be more serious and easy to cause complications. Norovirus has strong infectivity, strong environmental resistance and diverse transmission routes, which is generally susceptible to the whole population.03InfluenzaInfluenza referred to as influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza is usually caused by influenza A or B virus. Symptoms include sudden fever, cough (usually dry cough), headache, muscle and joint pain, sore throat and runny nose. The elderly and school-age children are the people with high incidence of influenza and the key population causing the spread of influenza.04Pneumonia pneumoniaPneumonia usually begins with upper respiratory tract infection, followed by fever, cough, shortness of breath and dyspnea. If the child is in good spirits, can play and likes to laugh while having fever, cough and asthma, it indicates that the possibility of suffering from pneumonia is very small. On the contrary, the child"s mental state is poor, his lips are blue and purple, irritable, crying or sleepy, and he has convulsions. Delirium in a few children indicates that the child is seriously ill and is more likely to get pneumonia.Swipe Right to Chinese Version02如何预防?How to prevent?

大家知道怎么预防这些病毒吗？别走开，一起往下看看！01注意个人卫生平时应该注意养成良好的个人卫生习惯！经常洗手，特别是从孩子外面回到家里，更要彻底的洗手，并要注意不要用脏手接触眼睛、口腔、鼻子、在打喷嚏咳嗽的时候应该用纸巾遮挡，减少飞沫传播。02加强营养，合理饮食多吃新鲜蔬菜、水果和粗粮等富含维生素和微量元素的食物，可提高自身免疫力。营养全面均衡；不挑食，不偏食，少吃零食，控制冷饮；多喝水，促进体内的新陈代谢。03加强锻炼，增强体质美高学校每天都会有各种各样的户外体育活动， 让孩子每天体能都能得到锻炼！ 在家里， 家长也要让孩子有足够的户外活动时间，得到充分的日光照射，呼吸新鲜空气；逐渐锻练适应冷空气刺激。04保持环境卫生孩子们在家时， 家长们要加强室内通风换气，每日开窗2～3次，每次通风15分钟；周末假日避免带孩子在人员密集的地方逗留。 在学校，上海美高双语学校为每间教室标准配置进口空气净化系统，确保给孩子一个健康快乐的学习环境。05佩戴口罩疫情防控常态化情况下,口罩应成为每个人不可或缺的日用品，建议平时给孩子随身携带备用口罩,在需要的情况下适时佩戴。Swipe Left to English VersionHaving said so much, do you know how to prevent these viruses? 01Pay attention to personal hygieneAt ordinary times, we should pay attention to develop good personal hygiene habits, wash our hands frequently, do not touch our eyes, mouth and nose with dirty hands, and cover them with paper towels when sneezing and coughing to reduce the spread of droplets.02Strengthen nutrition and eat reasonablyEat more fresh vegetables, fruits, coarse grains and other foods rich in vitamins and trace elements, which can improve your immunity; Comprehensive and balanced nutrition; Drink plenty of water to promote metabolism in the body.03Exercise RegularlyLWS has all kinds of outdoor sports activities every day, so that children can exercise every day! At home, parents should also let their children have enough time for outdoor activities, get full sunlight and breathe fresh air!04Keep good sanitationWhen children are at home, parents should strengthen indoor ventilation and open windows 2 ~ 3 times a day for 15 minutes each time. In the school, Living Word Shanghai is equipped with imported air purification system for each classroom to ensure a healthy and happy learning environment for children.05Wear a MaskUnder the epidemic prevention and control, masks must be worn!Swipe Right to Chinese Version最后，小编再次提醒大家要时刻注意做好个人防护，保持安全社交距离，养成科学佩戴口罩、勤洗手、常通风、不扎堆、不聚集，少聚餐等良好卫生习惯，倡导健康的生活方式。Finally, we once again remind everyone to pay attention to personal protection, maintain a safe social distancing, develop good health habits and advocate a healthy lifestyle!